Kidneys Dialysis

Kidneys Dialysis is suggested to the patients who have relatively high amount of organic and inorganic wastes in their blood as their kidneys can't work properly to clean it. This is today's topic for biology class 12.

Kidneys Dialysis

Kidneys are bean shaped organs and are dark red in colour. They are a part of the excretory system along with ureters, urinary bladder and urethra. They help in removing the toxic waste materials such as urea and uric acid as well as non toxic waste such as water and inorganic salts.Kidneys are bean shaped organs and are dark red in colour. They are a part of the excretory system along with ureters, urinary bladder and urethra. They help in removing the toxic waste materials such as urea and uric acid as well as non toxic waste such as water and inorganic salts.

The weight of kidneys in males is generally more than females. In adult males the weight of the kidneys is about 150 gm while in adult females it is about 135 gm. Generally the weight ranges between 125-170 gm. The kidneys are found behind the peritonium on either side of the vertebral column ,below the diaphragm.

The blood urea level in patients rises high who have acute renal failure. These patients are given the treatment of kidneys dialysis to remove materials such as uric acid, urea, creatinine are removed from the blood. Dialysis is of two types-

(a) Haemodialysis - It is done with the help of a haemodialyzer or artificial kidney which is a tube like apparatus made up of cellophane membrane. It is suspended in a solution of salt water which has the same composition as that of blood plasma but there are no waste materials present like uric acid, urea and creatinine.The cellophane membrane of the haemodialyzer is semipermeable as it allows only the small solutes like uric acid, urea and creatinine to pass through it but not the macromolecules such as plasma proteins. In this procedure, the blood taken out from the artery of the patient is cooled down to 0°C and mixed with an anticoagulant named heparin before pumping into the haemodialyzer. Waste materials from the blood passing through this tube diffuse into the dialysing fluid flowing across the tube.Before pumping this blood into the vein of the patient, it is warmed to the level of body temperature and then mixed with antiheparin to maintain its clotting properties.

(b) Peritoneal dialysis - In this procedure,the waste materials are drained out from the body via dialysing fluid which is kept in the peritoneal cavity in a tube for twenty minutes. The quantity of this dialysing fluid is about 2 litres. After twenty minutes the fluid is drained out along with the waste materials.

These two ways of dialysis are very helpful to patients who suffer from acute renal failure. Sometimes in these cases patients need dialysis only for a short period of time until the kidneys start working but in the case of severe chronic renal failure the patients have to depend on dialysis for their whole life until they adopt the other treatment of kidneys transplantation. The average life expectancy of a patient on dialysis is found to be 5-10 years. However in many cases it is found that the patients on dialysis survived for 20-30 years.

Hope this article Kidneys Dialysis for notes of biology class 12 would be quite helpful to you. You can also practice this topic using the Worksheets for Science. Please share it and comment if you want article on any topic.

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