Basics for Chemistry are very important to know before peeping deep into the subject. Science is a subject that is based on the study of different experiments performed by different scientists with observations recorded and inference concluded.Todays topic for ICSC biology class 6 is Basics of Chemistry.
The word Science is derived from the Latin word 'Scientia' that means knowledge.
Scientists are the people who perform different experiments.
The subject Science has three main branches. These are -
1.Physics - It deals with the study of various forms of energy. For example - light, sound, heat etc.
2.Biology - It deals with the study of living organisms.It is further divided into two branches.These are -
(a)Botany - study of plants
(b)Zoology - study of animals.
3.Chemistry - It deals with the study of matter and the changes that it undergoes. Anything that has mass and occupies space is known as matter.
It is further divided into these five branches -
(a) Organic Chemistry - It deals with the study of chemicals that consist of carbon.
(b) Inorganic Chemistry - It deals generally with the study of chemicals that don't consist of carbon.
(c) Physical Chemistry - It deals with the rate, mechanism and energy transfer that takes place when matter undergoes change.
(d) Biochemistry - It deals with the study of chemical processes that take place in living organisms.
(e) Analytical Chemistry - It deals with the study that deals mainly with the composition of matter.
Chemists and their Discoveries
Who are chemists?
Chemists are the people who study and deal with chemistry professionally are known as chemists.
Historical Development of Chemistry
The fascination of human beings to the outside world encouraged them to learn, observe, analyze and give certain conclusions about the things around them.These organized attempts of human beings created Science.
What is alchemy?
Alchemy was an ancient practice that lead to the growth of chemistry. The word 'Alchemy' was derived from the word 'khemeia' that means 'Art of transmuting metals'. Alchemist were the people who practised alchemy and were considered as early chemists.Alchemist discovered the behaviour of matter and developed various types of processes for extracting metals. They also discovered that new substances can be formed by combining the metals in requisite amount. These new substances formed found to have better properties than that of the original metals. Alchemists were the first who isolate phosphorus and zinc. They also used secret symbols and codes that were translated to modern representation of compounds and elements by formulae and symbols.
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| Alchemical Symbols |
Some of the famous chemists are -
1.Madame Marie Curie (1867-1934) - She was a Polish chemist and worked in the field of radioactivity. She got the chemistry Nobel Prize in 1911 for the discovery of radium, a radioactive element.
2.Dmitri Mendeleev (1834-1907) - He was a Russian chemist who was known as the Father of Periodic Table. Some of the major contributions made by him are -
*The foundation of the modern periodic table was laid by him.
*The sixty elements that were discovered by that time were arranged in rows and columns by him in a grid pattern.
*He defined the critical temperature of gases and gave a formula for the expansion of liquids on heating.
*He helped in introducing the metric system in Russia.
3.John Dalton (1766-1844) - Both John Dalton and the elder brother of John Dalton suffered from red-green colour blindness.
* John Dalton worked keenly on colour blindness. He became the first scientist who published papers on colour blindness.
*He also postulated a law named as Dalton's law of partial pressures.
4.Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier (1743-1794) - He is said to be the Father of Modern Chemistry.
*The law of conservation of mass was established by him.
*He established that respiration and combustion are both chemical reactions.
*Oxygen and hydrogen gases were named by him.
Note - This chapter has two parts. The link for part 2 of this chapter is : https://lessonstobelearneda-z.blogspot.com/2022/04/chemistry-laboratory.html.If you want to follow the chapter only then no need to follow the other links given in between the chapter.
Hope you liked this article Basics for Chemistry for ICSC biology class 6 that provided knowledge about Basics to Chemistry. Please share it and comment if you want article on any other topic. You may also practice this topic using Worksheets for Science.
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